5Ī syndemic is a process that can document the impact of a disease on human health when there are other aggravating factors, such as individual characteristics or socioeconomic conditions that compromise health. 4 Furthermore, syndemics can increase political and social factors that drive, perpetuate or aggravate the appearance of a group of diseases that can be recognized.
3Ī syndemic is the convergence of two or more diseases that share social and environmental factors, the interaction of which causes negative effects for the affected population and increases the burden of disease. 2 emphasized that viral pandemics, such as the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), should not be defined as global syndemics, however, a syndemic perspective can conceptualize a variety of vulnerabilities caused by COVID-19. The pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a global health crisis, causing the infection of more than ~275 million people worldwide and more than ~5.5 million deaths by December 2021. If LA countries do not work on public policies that decrease multi-morbidities and social inequalities, we will be unable to eliminate COVID-19, as well as possible other outbreaks that may arise in the future. In addition, this review aims to introduce strategies and policies that combat social inequalities and enable healthy living behaviors in LA countries. This review aims to revisit the relationship between COVID-19 and both unhealthy living habits (i.e., sedentary lifestyle, poor nutritional habits, overweight and obesity, smoking) and cardiovascular disease in Latin American countries. The number of deaths by COVID-19 in LA is strongly associated with multi-morbidities (diabetes, obesity, sedentary, smoking, among others) and disproportionately attacks communities located in poorer, low-income regions and ethnic minorities. However, analyzing COVID-19 from the perspective of a syndemic, it demonstrates the relationship between the interaction of multiple comorbidities and the increase of contagion in people who are socially vulnerable.
COVID-19 has to this point led to more than 5 million deaths and has imposed numerous measures restricting populations worldwide, including Latin America (LA).
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